诸葛亮，字孔明，是中国历史上最杰出的政治家、军事家和发明家之一。他出生于公元181年的琅邪阳都（今山东临沂），其父去世后，诸葛亮移居隆中（今湖北襄阳），开始了隐居生活。

　　Zhuge Liang, styled Kongming, is one of the most outstanding politicians, military strategists, and inventors in Chinese history. He was born in 181 AD in Langya Yangdu (now Linyi, Shandong Province), and after his father's death, Zhuge Liang moved to Longzhong (now Xiangyang, Hubei Province), where he began a reclusive life.

　　三顾茅庐：《隆中对》初露锋芒

　　The Three Visits to the Thatched Cottage: The Initial Display of Talent in “The Longzhong Plan“

　　在隆中，诸葛亮广泛涉猎天文、地理、兵法等知识，志向远大。建安十二年（207年），刘备三顾茅庐，终于在隆中见到了诸葛亮。刘备向诸葛亮请教统一天下的大计，诸葛亮提出了著名的《隆中对》：建议刘备首先夺取荆州和益州，对内改革政治，对外联合孙权，待时机成熟时两路出兵北伐，最终统一全国。刘备听后大为赞赏，最终，诸葛亮被刘备的诚意所感动，决定出山辅佐刘备。

　　In Longzhong, Zhuge Liang extensively studied astronomy, geography, military tactics, and other knowledge, with ambitious aspirations. In the twelfth year of the Jian'an period (207 AD), Liu Bei visited Zhuge Liang's thatched cottage in Longzhong three times and finally met him. Liu Bei sought advice from Zhuge Liang on how to unify the realm. Zhuge Liang proposed the famous “Longzhong Plan“: he suggested that Liu Bei first seize Jingzhou and Yizhou, reform politics internally, ally with Sun Quan externally, and wait for the right moment to launch a northern expedition from two directions to unify the realm. Liu Bei was impressed by Zhuge Liang's plan. Ultimately, Zhuge Liang was moved by Liu Bei's sincerity and decided to leave his reclusive life to assist Liu Bei.

　　草船借箭：运筹帷幄，以智取胜

　　Borrowing Arrows with Straw Boats: Devising Strategies within a Command Tent and Outwitting the Enemy

　　在诸葛亮的辅佐下，刘备大败曹操于赤壁之战。其中，最为人称道的当属“草船借箭”的故事。建安十三年（208年），曹操率领大军南下，诸葛亮发现曹军兵力强大，尤其是箭矢充足，于是提出了一条妙计：利用曹操的多疑心理，用草船借箭。他命人准备了几十艘船只，船上装满了稻草人，并用黑色布幔遮盖。夜幕降临后，船只驶向曹军水寨。曹军看到黑压压的船队，误以为是敌军偷袭，纷纷放箭。结果，箭矢全部射在了稻草人身上。等到天亮时，诸葛亮指挥船只返回，带回了数万支箭矢。后来，刘备夺取荆州，攻取益州，建立了蜀汉政权。诸葛亮被任命为丞相，主持朝政。

　　Under Zhuge Liang's assistance, Liu Bei defeated Cao Cao in the Battle of Red Cliffs. Among the most renowned stories is that of “Borrowing Arrows with Straw Boats“. In the thirteenth year of the Jian'an period (208 AD), as Cao Cao led a large army southward, Zhuge Liang, noticing the abundance of arrows in Cao's forces, devised an ingenious plan to exploit Cao Cao's suspicious nature. He ordered the preparation of dozens of boats filled with straw dummies and covered them with black cloth. As night fell, the boats approached Cao's naval camp. Mistaking the dark fleet for a sneak attack, Cao's army fired arrows at them. In the end, the arrows were all stuck in the straw dummies. When dawn broke, Zhuge Liang directed the boats to return, bringing back tens of thousands of arrows. Subsequently, Liu Bei occupied Jingzhou, captured Yizhou, and established the Shu Han regime. Zhuge Liang was appointed as the Prime Minister, overseeing the administration.

　　发明奇才：木牛流马，连弩革新

　　Inventive Genius: The Wooden Ox and Gliding Horse, and the Innovation of the Crossbow

　　除了在政治和军事上的卓越表现，诸葛亮还是一位杰出的发明家和科技天才。他革新了“连弩”，这种武器可以同时发射10支箭；他发明了孔明灯，这是一种利用热空气上升原理制作的灯笼，可以用于夜间传递信号或照明；他还发明了“木牛”和“流马”，这两种工具在山地运输中发挥了重要作用，有效地解决了粮草运输的问题。 这些发明极大地提高了军队的战斗力，也在很大程度上促进了当时社会生产力的发展。

　　In addition to his extraordinary political and military achievements, Zhuge Liang was also a brilliant inventor and technological genius. He innovated the “repeating crossbow“, a weapon capable of firing 10 arrows at once; he invented the Kongming lantern, a lantern made using the principle of hot air rising, which could be used for night signaling or illumination; he also invented the “wooden ox“ and “gliding horse“, two tools that played a significant role in mountain transportation, effectively solving the problem of transporting provisions. These inventions greatly enhanced the military's combat effectiveness and also significantly promoted the development of the social productive forces at that time.

　　千年后的今天，人们放飞孔明灯，寄予心愿、祈求平安，诸葛亮的卓越智慧以一种宁静祥和的方式陪伴着后人。

　　A thousand years later, people release Kongming lanterns to express their wishes and pray for peace. Zhuge Liang's outstanding wisdom continues to accompany future generations in a tranquil and peaceful manner.

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　　视频：周溪琳

　　文案、配音：武玮佳